High-performance descriptor for magnetic materials: Accurate discrimination of

Phys. Rev. B 108, 014403 (2023)

The magnetic structure is crucial in determining the physical properties inherent in magnetic compounds. We present an adequate descriptor for magnetic structure with proper magnetic symmetry and high discrimination performance, which does not depend on artificial choices for coordinate origin, axis, and magnetic unit cell in crystal. We extend the formalism called “smooth overlap of atomic positions” (SOAP), providing a numerical representation of atomic configurations to that of magnetic moment configurations. We introduce the descriptor in terms of the vector spherical harmonics to describe a magnetic moment configuration and partial spectra from the expansion coefficients. We discuss that the lowest-order partial spectrum is insufficient to discriminate the magnetic structures with different magnetic anisotropy, and a higher-order partial spectrum is required in general
to differentiate detailed magnetic structures on the same atomic configuration. We then introduce the fourthorder
partial spectrum and evaluate the discrimination performance for different magnetic structures, mainly focusing on the difference in magnetic symmetry. The modified partial spectra that are defined not to reflect the difference of magnetic anisotropy are also useful in evaluating magnetic structures obtained from the firstprinciples calculations performed without spin-orbit coupling. We apply the present method to the symmetryclassified magnetic structures for the crystals of Mn3Ir and Mn3Sn, which are known to exhibit anomalous transport under the antiferromagnetic order, and examine the discrimination performance of the descriptor for
different magnetic structures on the same crystal.